PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.